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	cmdline/makefile

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-<!-- -*- mode: sgml; mode: fold -*- -->
-<!doctype debiandoc  PUBLIC  "-//DebianDoc//DTD DebianDoc//EN">
-<book>
-<title>APT Files</title>
-
-<author>Jason Gunthorpe <email>jgg@debian.org</email></author>
-<version>$Id: files.sgml,v 1.12 2003/04/26 23:26:13 doogie Exp $</version>
-
-<abstract>
-This document describes the complete implementation and format of the 
-installed APT directory structure. It also serves as guide to how APT 
-views the Debian archive.
-</abstract>
-
-<copyright>
-Copyright &copy; Jason Gunthorpe, 1998-1999.
-<p>
-"APT" and this document are free software; you can redistribute them and/or
-modify them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
-by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
-option) any later version.
-
-<p>
-For more details, on Debian systems, see the file
-/usr/share/common-licenses/GPL for the full license.
-</copyright>
-
-<toc sect>
-
-<chapt>Introduction
-<!-- General		                                               {{{ -->
-<!-- ===================================================================== -->
-<sect>General
-
-<p>
-This document serves two purposes. The first is to document the installed
-directory structure and the format and purpose of each file. The second
-purpose is to document how APT views the Debian archive and deals with 
-multiple package files.
-
-<p>
-The var directory structure is as follows:
-<example>
-  /var/lib/apt/
-		lists/
-		       partial/
-		periodic/
-		extended_states
-		cdroms.list
-  /var/cache/apt/
-		  archives/
-		          partial/
-		  pkgcache.bin
-		  srcpkgcache.bin
-  /etc/apt/
-	    sources.list.d/
-	    apt.conf.d/
-	    preferences.d/
-	    trusted.gpg.d/
-	    sources.list
-	    apt.conf
-	    apt_preferences
-	    trusted.gpg
-  /usr/lib/apt/
-	        methods/
-			 bzip2
-			 cdrom
-			 copy
-			 file
-			 ftp
-			 gpgv
-			 gzip
-			 http
-			 https
-			 lzma
-			 rred
-			 rsh
-			 ssh
-</example>
-
-<p>
-As is specified in the FHS 2.1 /var/lib/apt is used for application 
-data that is not expected to be user modified. /var/cache/apt is used
-for regeneratable data and is where the package cache and downloaded .debs
-go. /etc/apt is the place where configuration should happen and
-/usr/lib/apt is the place where the apt and other packages can place
-binaries which can be used by the acquire system of APT.
-</sect>
-                                                                  <!-- }}} -->
-
-<chapt>Files
-<!-- Distribution Source List					       {{{ -->
-<!-- ===================================================================== -->
-<sect>Files and fragment directories in /etc/apt
-
-<p>
-All files in /etc/apt are used to modify specific aspects of APT. To enable
-other packages to ship needed configuration herself all these files have
-a fragment directory packages can place their files in instead of mangling
-with the main files. The main files are therefore considered to be only
-used by the user and not by a package. The documentation omits this directories
-most of the time to be easier readable, so every time the documentation includes
-a reference to a main file it really means the file or the fragment directories.
-
-</sect>
-
-<sect>Distribution Source list (sources.list)
-
-<p>
-The distribution source list is used to locate archives of the debian
-distribution. It is designed to support any number of active sources and to
-support a mix of source media. The file lists one source per line, with the 
-fastest source listed first. The format of each line is:
-
-<p>
-<var>type uri args</var>
-
-<p>
-The first item, <var>type</var>, indicates the format for the remainder 
-of the line. It is designed to indicate the structure of the distribution
-the line is talking about. Currently the only defined values are <em>deb</em>
-and <em>deb-src</em> which indicate a standard debian (source) archive with a
-dists directory. More about these types and the URI specification can be found
-in the sources.list manpage.
-
-<sect1>Hashing the URI
-<p>
-All permanent information acquired from any of the sources is stored in the
-lists directory. Thus, there must be a way to relate the filename in the
-lists directory to a line in the sourcelist. To simplify things this is
-done by quoting the URI and treating _'s as quoteable characters and
-converting / to _. The URI spec says this is done by converting a 
-sensitive character into %xx where xx is the hexadecimal representation 
-from the ASCII character set. Examples:
-
-<example>
-http://www.debian.org/archive/dists/stable/binary-i386/Packages 
-/var/lib/apt/lists/www.debian.org_archive_dists_stable_binary-i386_Packages
-
-cdrom:Debian 1.3/debian/Packages
-/var/lib/apt/info/Debian%201.3_debian_Packages
-</example>
-
-<p> 
-The other alternative that was considered was to use a deep directory 
-structure but this poses two problems, it makes it very difficult to prune
-directories back when sources are no longer used and complicates the handling
-of the partial directory. This gives a very simple way to deal with all
-of the situations that can arise. Also note that the same rules described in 
-the <em>Archive Directory</> section regarding the partial sub dir apply 
-here as well.
-</sect1>
-
-</sect>
-                                                                  <!-- }}} -->
-<!-- Extended Status						       {{{ -->
-<!-- ===================================================================== -->
-<sect>Extended States File (extended_states)
-
-<p>
-The extended_states file serves the same purpose as the normal dpkg status file
-(/var/lib/dpkg/status) except that it stores information unique to apt.
-This includes currently only the autoflag but is open to store more
-unique data that come up over time. It duplicates nothing from the normal
-dpkg status file.  Please see other APT documentation for a discussion
-of the exact internal behavior of these fields. The Package and the
-Architecture field are placed directly before the new fields to indicate
-which package they apply to. The new fields are as follows:
-
-<taglist>
-<tag>Auto-Installed<item>
-   The Auto flag can be 1 (Yes) or 0 (No) and controls whether the package
-   was automatical installed to satisfy a dependency or if the user requested
-   the installation
-</taglist>
-</sect>
-                                                                  <!-- }}} -->
-<!-- Binary Package Cache					       {{{ -->
-<!-- ===================================================================== -->
-<sect>Binary Package Cache (srcpkgcache.bin and pkgcache.bin)
-
-<p>
-Please see cache.sgml for a complete description of what this file is. The 
-cache file is updated whenever the contents of the lists directory changes.
-If the cache is erased, corrupted or of a non-matching version it will
-be automatically rebuilt by all of the tools that need it. 
-<em>srcpkgcache.bin</> contains a cache of all of the package files in the 
-source list. This allows regeneration of the cache when the status files 
-change to use a prebuilt version for greater speed.
-</sect>
-                                                                  <!-- }}} -->
-<!-- Downloads Directory					       {{{ -->
-<!-- ===================================================================== -->
-<sect>Downloads Directory (archives)
-
-<p>
-The archives directory is where all downloaded .deb archives go. When the
-file transfer is initiated the deb is placed in partial. Once the file
-is fully downloaded and its MD5 hash and size are verified it is moved
-from partial into archives/. Any files found in archives/ can be assumed 
-to be verified.
-
-<p>
-No directory structure is transferred from the receiving site and all .deb
-file names conform to debian conventions. No short (msdos) filename should
-be placed in archives. If the need arises .debs should be unpacked, scanned
-and renamed to their correct internal names. This is mostly to prevent
-file name conflicts but other programs may depend on this if convenient. 
-A conforming .deb is one of the form, name_version_arch.deb. Our archive
-scripts do not handle epochs, but they are necessary and should be re-inserted.
-If necessary _'s and :'s in the fields should be quoted using the % convention.
-It must be possible to extract all 3 fields by examining the file name.
-Downloaded .debs must be found in one of the package lists with an exact
-name + version match..
-</sect>
-                                                                  <!-- }}} -->
-<!-- The Methods Directory					       {{{ -->
-<!-- ===================================================================== -->
-<sect> The Methods Directory (/usr/lib/apt/methods)
-
-<p>
-The Methods directory is more fully described in the APT Methods interface
-document.
-</sect>
-                                                                  <!-- }}} -->
-<!-- The Configuration File					       {{{ -->
-<!-- ===================================================================== -->
-<sect> The Configuration File (/etc/apt/apt.conf)
-
-<p>
-The configuration file (and the associated fragments directory
-/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/) is described in the apt.conf manpage.
-</sect>
-                                                                  <!-- }}} -->
-<!-- The trusted.gpg File					       {{{ -->
-<!-- ===================================================================== -->
-<sect> The trusted.gpg File (/etc/apt/trusted.gpg)
-
-<p>
-The trusted.gpg file (and the files in the associated fragments directory
-/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/) is a binary file including the keyring used
-by apt to validate that the information (e.g. the Release file) it
-downloads are really from the distributor it clams to be and is
-unmodified and is therefore the last step in the chain of trust between
-the archive and the end user. This security system is described in the
-apt-secure manpage.
-</sect>
-                                                                  <!-- }}} -->
-<!-- The Release File						       {{{ -->
-<!-- ===================================================================== -->
-<sect> The Release File
-
-<p>
-This file plays an important role in how APT presents the archive to the 
-user. Its main purpose is to present a descriptive name for the source
-of each version of each package. It also is used to detect when new versions
-of debian are released. It augments the package file it is associated with 
-by providing meta information about the entire archive which the Packages
-file describes.
-
-<p>
-The full name of the distribution for presentation to the user is formed
-as 'label version archive', with a possible extended name being 
-'label version archive component'.
-
-<p>
-The file is formed as the package file (RFC-822) with the following tags
-defined:
-
-<taglist>
-<tag>Archive<item>
-This is the common name we give our archives, such as <em>stable</> or
-<em>unstable</>.
-
-<tag>Component<item>
-Refers to the sub-component of the archive, <em>main</>, <em>contrib</>
-etc. Component may be omitted if there are no components for this archive.
-
-<tag>Version<item>
-This is a version string with the same properties as in the Packages file.
-It represents the release level of the archive.
-
-<tag>Origin<item>
-This specifies who is providing this archive. In the case of Debian the
-string will read 'Debian'. Other providers may use their own string
-
-<tag>Label<item>
-This carries the encompassing name of the distribution. For Debian proper
-this field reads 'Debian'. For derived distributions it should contain their 
-proper name.
-
-<tag>Architecture<item>
-When the archive has packages for a single architecture then the Architecture
-is listed here. If a mixed set of systems are represented then this should
-contain the keyword <em>mixed</em>.
-
-<tag>NotAutomatic<item>
-A Yes/No flag indicating that the archive is extremely unstable and its
-version's should never be automatically selected. This is to be used by 
-experimental.
-
-<tag>Description<item>
-Description is used to describe the release. For instance experimental would
-contain a warning that the packages have problems.
-</taglist>
-
-<p>
-The location of the Release file in the archive is very important, it must 
-be located in the same location as the packages file so that it can be 
-located in all situations. The following is an example for the current stable
-release, 1.3.1r6 
-
-<example>
-Archive: stable
-Component: main
-Version: 1.3.1r6
-Origin: Debian
-Label: Debian
-Architecture: i386
-</example>
-
-This is an example of experimental,
-<example>
-Archive: experimental
-Version: 0
-Origin: Debian
-Label: Debian
-Architecture: mixed
-NotAutomatic: Yes
-</example>
-
-And unstable,
-<example>
-Archive: unstable
-Component: main
-Version: 2.1
-Origin: Debian
-Label: Debian
-Architecture: i386
-</example>
-
-</sect>
-                                                                  <!-- }}} -->
-
-</book>