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-mailto(apt@packages.debian.org)
-manpage(sources.list)(5)(5 Dec 1998)(apt)()
-manpagename(sources.list)(package resource list for APT)
-
-manpagedescription()
-The package resource list is used to locate archives of the package
-distribution system in use on the system. At this time, this manual page
-documents only the packaging system used by the Debian GNU/Linux system.
-
-The source list is designed to support any number of active sources and a
-variety of source media. The file lists one source per line, with the
-most preferred source listed first. The format of each line is:
-em(type uri args) The first item, em(type), determines the format for
-em(args). em(uri) is a Universal Resource Identifier (URI), which is a
-superset of the more specific and well-known Universal Resource Locator, or
-URL.
-
-manpagesection(The deb and deb-src types)
-The bf(deb) type describes a typical two-level Debian archive,
-em(distribution/component). Typically, em(distribution) is one of
-em(stable), em(unstable), or em(frozen), while component is one of
-em(main), em(contrib), em(non-free), or em(non-us). The bf(deb-src) type
-describes a debian distribution's source code in the same form as the bf(deb)
-type. A bf(deb-src) line is required to fetch source indexes.
-The format for a bf(sources.list) entry using the em(deb) and em(deb-src)
-types are:
-verb(deb uri distribution [component1] [componenent2] [...])
-The URI for the em(deb) type must specify the base of the Debian distribution,
-from which bf(APT) will find the information it needs. em(distribution)
-can specify an exact path, in which case the em(component)s
-must be omitted and bf(distribution) must end with a slash (/). This is
-useful for when only a particular sub-section of the archive denoted by the
-URI is of interest. If bf(distribution) does not specify an exact path, at
-least one bf(component) must be present.
-
-bf(distribution) may also contain a variable, bf($(ARCH)),
-which expands to the Debian architecture (i386, m68k, powerpc, ...)
-used on the system. This permits archiecture-independent
-bf(sources.list) files to be used. In general this is only of interest
-when specifying an exact path, bf(APT) will automatically generate a URI
-with the current architecture otherwise.
-
-Since only one distribution can be specified per line it may be necessary
-to have multiple lines for the same URI, if a subset of all available
-distributions or components at that location is desired.
-bf(APT) will sort the URI list after it has generated a complete set
-internally, and will collapse multiple references to the same Internet host,
-for instance, into a single connection, so that it does not inefficiently
-establish an FTP connection, close it, do something else, and then
-re-establish a connection to that same host. This feature is useful
-for accessing busy FTP sites with limits on the number of simultaneous
-anonymous users. bf(APT) also parallizes connections to different hosts
-to more effectively deal with sites with low bandwidth.
-
-It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most
-preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting
-by speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local
-network, followed by distant Internet hosts, for example).
-
-Some examples:
-verb(deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free)
-verb(deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian dists/stable-updates)
-
-manpagesection(URI specification)
-The currently recognized URI types are cdrom, file, http, and ftp.
-
-startdit()
-dit(bf(file))
-The file scheme allows an arbitrary directory in the file system to be
-considered an archive. This is useful for NFS mounts and local mirrors or
-archives.
-
-dit(bf(cdrom))
-The cdrom scheme allows bf(APT) to use a local CDROM drive with media
-swapping. Use the bf(apt-cdrom(8)) program to create cdrom entires in the
-source list.
-
-dit(bf(http))
-The http scheme specifies an HTTP server for the archive. If an environment
-variable bf($http_proxy) is set with the format
-bf(http://server:port/), the proxy server specified in
-bf($http_proxy) will be used. Users of authenticated HTTP/1.1 proxies may
-use a string of the format bf(http://user:pass@server:port/)
-Note that this is an insecure method of authentication.
-
-dit(bf(ftp))
-The ftp scheme specifies an FTP server for the archive. APT's FTP behavior
-is highly configurable; for more information see the
-bf(apt.conf(5)) manual page. Please note that a ftp proxy can be specified
-by using the ftp_proxy environment variable. It is possible to specify a http
-proxy (http proxy servers often understand ftp urls) using this method and
-ONLY this method. ftp proxies using http specified in the configuration
-file will be ignored.
-
-dit(bf(copy))
-The copy scheme is identical to the file scheme except that packages are
-copied into the cache directory instead of used directly at their location.
-This is usefull for people using a zip disk to copy files around with APT.
-
-enddit()
-
-manpagesection(EXAMPLES)
-Uses the archive stored locally (or NFS mounted) at /home/jason/debian
-for stable/main, stable/contrib, and stable/non-free.
-quote("deb file:/home/jason/debian stable main contrib non-free")
-
-As above, except this uses the unstable (development) distribution.
-quote("deb file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free")
-
-Source line for the above
-quote("deb-src file:/home/jason/debian unstable main contrib non-free")
-
-Uses HTTP to access the archive at archive.debian.org, and uses only the
-hamm/main area.
-quote("deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-archive hamm main")
-
-Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian
-directory, and uses only the stable/contrib area.
-quote("deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian stable contrib")
-
-Uses FTP to access the archive at ftp.debian.org, under the debian
-directory, and uses only the unstable/contrib area. If this line appears as
-well as the one in the previous example in bf(sources.list),
-a single FTP session will be used for both resource lines.
-quote("deb ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian unstable contrib")
-
-Uses HTTP to access the archive at nonus.debian.org, under the debian-non-US
-directory.
-quote("deb http://nonus.debian.org/debian-non-US stable/non-US main contrib non-free")
-
-Uses HTTP to access the archive at nonus.debian.org, under the
-debian-non-US directory, and uses only files found under
-unstable/binary-i386 on i386 machines, unstable/binary-m68k on m68k, and so
-forth for other supported architectures. [Note this example only illistrates
-how to use the substitation variable non-us is no longer structured like this]
-quote("deb http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian-non-US unstable/binary-$(ARCH)/")
-
-manpageseealso()
-apt-cache (8),
-apt.conf (5)
-
-manpagebugs()
-See http://bugs.debian.org/apt. If you wish to report a
-bug in bf(apt-get), please see bf(/usr/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt)
-or the bf(bug(1)) command.
-
-manpageauthor()
-apt-get was written by the APT team <apt@packages.debian.org>.